How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is a normal child's condition however, it can affect adults. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
Interviewing the person and their family members may be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist might review old school records to determine if symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a condition that impacts school, work as well as home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organized from time to time. To be considered to have the disorder, one must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas, and prove that the symptoms significantly hinder daily functioning. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months.
To determine a diagnosis, doctors will speak with the patient about their symptoms and inquire about family history and medical conditions. They may also use rating systems to measure symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions about symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity and an impulsive nature.
Adults may be asked to speak with their significant other or someone they know well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty but to gain a better understanding of their behavior that can't be gained from the answers to a questionnaire. You can also inquire about their childhood behavior and consult old school records to determine if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will perform an examination and tests in the lab to rule out other health issues, like thyroid issues or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also review the medication list of a patient. Certain medications for depression or high blood pressure, as well as other conditions can be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when recommending treatments. It is crucial that adults speak with their primary healthcare provider if they suspect they may be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, the symptoms must be evident in at least two different settings (such as home, school and at work) and cause impairment to functioning. They should also have been diagnosed at the age of 12 and the impairment cannot be caused by a different disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will use a variety of tools during the evaluation, including ADHD symptom checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a detailed history. They might also talk to friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are any other physical or mental conditions that have similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are severe or mild. They will also review the person's medical history as well as family history to make sure there is no root cause for their issues, such as thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In some cases, the evaluator might want to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People with these disorders often show different symptoms than those without these problems. For example, boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms and girls show inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical study to try out new treatments. This is a fantastic chance to conduct further research. However, participants must be aware that the main purpose of these studies is scientific knowledge and is not an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they have ADHD it is important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider to determine if ADHD specialists are covered, and seek out referrals from family doctors or other health care professionals. Word-of mouth recommendations are also an alternative.
A doctor will interview the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children, about the symptoms. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in a person's life for details including spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
A professional will also want to look over any documents that the person may have, including old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must have been present since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical examination is also performed. It's also a way to check for other medical conditions that may be causing symptoms, for instance thyroid problems or seizures. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological examination, which checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to test abilities and intelligence, may be utilized as well. In addition one could be asked to complete simple computer tasks that evaluate attention and memory. This will help the professional determine if a person is hyperactive, inattentive or impulsive. The specialist will then decide on a diagnosis and suggest treatment. Treatment plans typically include medication and therapy. Talk adult adhd diagnoses or psychotherapy can help children and adults learn healthy ways to cope and change destructive thought patterns. This therapy can be done by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medication, but it's not the only method to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children are also able to benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or any combination of the two. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with the symptoms. They can include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and methods to manage it. They can also include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is essential to locate a mental health professional or health care professional who has experience in treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or a mental health provider you know. You can also conduct an online search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health professional will ask you or your child about the signs and problems caused by ADHD. They will perform physical examinations and check for any other health conditions that may cause similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of you or your child along with school records and other documents.
Diagnosing ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily designed to diagnose children. Your doctor may interview you or your children about the symptoms and request that others who spend a lot of time with them fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as the methylphenidate, Lisdexamfetamine and atomoxe, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing levels of neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD have co-occurring disorders like anxiety or depression. Because of this, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps develop skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
In addition, therapists can help patients learn to manage their symptoms through lifestyle changes. For instance, a regular exercise routine can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthy diet is important; people with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat and consume less fruits and vegetables than others. Lastly making social and family relationships an important factor can reduce stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
Another benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides adults and children an understanding comprehension of their issues. A child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their demands to their teachers or other peers. When a teacher is aware that this is not an issue that is solely because of a lack of time, they can provide adjustments.
A professional doing an ADHD assessment will ask questions specific to the person's age, interview family members and teachers and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, school records might be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.
A physical exam is often included, and the doctor will likely look for hearing and vision issues. They may also do a blood test to determine the presence of specific hormones and other health issues that may cause ADHD-like symptoms.